Categories >> Electrical & Instrumentation:

 Thermal Behavior and Up-Rating of Electrical Equipment

 

Program Duration	:	5 Days
Program Date	:	17-21 March, 2012
Program Location	:	Cairo, Egypt
Program Fees	:	US$ 3200/Per Person

 

PROGRAM INTRODUCTION:

 

A large percentage of power electrical equipment in operation around the world (cables, overhead lines, transformers, generators, etc…) was built several decades ago and is based on old but proven technologies. Today with the deregulation of electricity, utilities are searching ways to increase the productivity of their existing equipment and, in some cases, increase their life span. An immediate consequence to the increase of the power output of these equipments is an increase in the operating temperature which must be limited to the maximum temperature that the insulation materials can bear.

 

 This course is mainly about the calculations of the heating of major power equipments. It also outlines the various methods used to improve the power output of these equipments without affecting their useful life span.

 

PROGRAM OBJECTIVES:

 The objective of this course is to give the participants the concepts and applied knowledge that are necessary to carry out the thermal analysis of major power equipments that can be found in electric utilities in order to improve the diagnostic of these equipments and to load them up to their maximum limit without jeopardizing their safety.

   At the end of the course, the participant will:

 Acquire the basic knowledge on how to solve simple heat transfer problems;

Be able to analyse the thermal behaviour of major power equipments such as cables, overhead lines, transformers, generators, etc..., using the available international guides and standards such as Cigre and IEEE;

Get acquainted with the existing software and various calculation tools to analyse complex installations that are not covered by the international guides;

Carry out, through practical examples, a sensitivity analysis that shows the importance of various parameters on the heating of the electrical equipments

  

PROGRAM OUTLINES: 

 

Heat transfer- A Quick Review

 

• Thermal – electrical analogy;

• Conduction heat transfer (thermal characteristics of materials)

• Convection heat transfer

• Radiation heat transfer (thermal characteristics of surfaces)

• Global thermal resistance facing the heat dissipation

• Heat losses in electrical equipments (Joules, Dielectric,..)

• Transient heat conduction: time constant

• Temperature measurement

• Practical exercises

Underground insulated cables (hi, medium and low   voltages)

• Heat sources inside cables;

• Thermal resistance between buried cables and the ambient;

• Current carrying capability: ampacity (IEEE & IEC Norms);

• Various means to increase the ampacity (Real time rating, soil improvement, forced cooling by air or water, sheath bonding, etc. ;

• Various numerical tools to analyse complex installations: Finite Element Techniques.

• Practical exercises

Overhead lines 

• Thermal energy balance on an overhead lines;

• Current carrying capability: ampacity in steady state and transient modes (IEEE & IEC Norms);

• Sensitivity analysis of major ambient parameters (wind, sun…);

• Temperature measurement by infra-red cameras : detection of faulty junctions;

• Various means to increase the ampacity (Real time rating, increasing conductor size...)

• Practical exercises

Transformers 

• Internal losses in a transformer;

• Various methods of cooling;

• Load capability calculation in steady state and transient mode (IEEE & IEC Norms);

• Various means to increase the ampacity (Real time rating, improving the cooling method...)

• Practical exercises

Other major equipments 

• Motors and generators;

• Insulated Power bars;

• Switches;

• Underground transformer vaults.

 

WHO SHOULD ATTEND?

 

Engineers, technicians, salesmen and operators who are involved with production, transmission, distribution and utilisation of electricity